Smart bike locks combine convenience with security, offering keyless access, remote control, and app integration. The eLinkSmart Waterproof Bicycle Chain Lock stands out as the best overall for its seamless app control and durability. The Anweller Fingerprint Bike Lock makes sense for those prioritizing biometric access, while the Kryptonite Folding Bike Lock remains a reliable traditional pick with a modern twist. These options highlight a key tradeoff: more advanced tech often means higher cost and potential complexity, whereas simpler locks tend to be more durable but less convenient. Continue reading for a detailed breakdown of each model and guidance on choosing the right lock for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Top-ranked models blend Bluetooth or app control with high physical security features.
- Biometric locks offer quick access but often come at a premium price and may have reliability issues in harsh weather.
- Traditional combination and keyed locks still provide strong security and simplicity, appealing to budget-conscious buyers.
- Longer cables and versatile mounting options improve usability for different bike types and storage scenarios.
- Tradeoffs between convenience, security features, and cost are central to choosing the right smart bike lock.
| smart bike lock | Material |
|---|---|
| Bike Lock | Zinc alloy cylinder, alloy steel chain |
| Sportneer Heavy Duty Bike U Lo | — |
| Smart Bike Lock Keyless Anti-T | Zinc alloy, PVC |
| Sportneer Bike Lock: 5 Digit C | Manganese steel, zinc alloy |
| Anweller Fingerprint Bike Lock | — |
| Anweller Fingerprint Bike Chai | — |
| Eseesmart Bike Chain Lock | Alloy steel with polypropylene fabric |
| Mengshen Bike Lock with Remote | — |
| eLinkSmart Waterproof Bicycle | — |
| Kryptonite Folding Bike Lock | 3mm hardened steel |
| APECYC Smart Bike Lock | Hardened steel |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Bike Lock, 5 Digit Combination Heavy Duty Anti Theft Bicycle Chain Lock, 2.62/3.2/4.27/5/6Ft Long, High Security Resettable, Suitable for Bike, Scooter, Door, Gate, Fence
This heavy-duty chain lock stands out for its combination of high security and flexible length options, making it a top choice for those who need reliable outdoor protection. Its resettable 5-digit code offers a keyless experience, but the default ‘00000’ code requires immediate changing for better security. Compared with the Sportneer chain, it provides a longer, more adaptable length, though it’s heavier, which may be less convenient for daily carry. The durable alloy steel and scratch-proof fabric wrapping ensure longevity and resistance to weather, ideal for securing bikes, gates, or fences in high-risk areas. However, the weight and bulk could be a downside for casual cyclists or those with limited carrying space.
Pros:- High security with 5-digit resettable combination
- Durable alloy steel construction with scratch-proof wrapping
- Flexible length options for various applications
- Weather-resistant fabric for outdoor durability
Cons:- Heavy weight may hinder portability for daily commuting
- Default code ‘00000’ can be insecure if not changed promptly
- Cannot pass through wheel gaps smaller than 1.25 inches
Best for: Bicycle owners or property managers needing a sturdy, versatile lock for outdoor use in high-theft risk areas
Not ideal for: Casual cyclists or commuters who prefer lightweight, portable locks for short trips
- Length:2.62/3.2/4.27/5/6 feet
- Lock Type:Combination lock
- Number of Digits:5
- Material:Zinc alloy cylinder, alloy steel chain
- Chain Thickness:4/6 mm
- Weight:about 1.45 pounds
- Default Code:00000
- Diameter of Lock Head:1.25 inches / 3.2 cm
Our verdict“This lock best suits users seeking a durable, high-security chain with flexible sizing for outdoor property protection.”
Sportneer Heavy Duty Bike U Lock with 5ft Steel Cable and Mounting Bracket
The Sportneer U-lock excels in offering strong physical security, thanks to its 17mm shackle and included steel cable, making it ideal for high-theft environments. Unlike the chain lock, it provides a compact form factor, but it’s bulkier than smaller U-locks, which could be less convenient for quick trips. The 5ft steel cable adds versatility, allowing users to secure accessories or multiple items, while the mounting bracket simplifies storage. Its resistant coating protects against weather and tampering, but the size and weight may be a drawback for casual riders or those seeking a lightweight option. It’s a solid pick for riders who prioritize strength over portability.
Pros:- Resistant to cutting, sawing, smashing, and drilling
- Includes a versatile 5ft steel cable for extra security
- Weather-resistant and dustproof for outdoor durability
- Compact design with mounting bracket for easy storage
Cons:- Bulkier than smaller locks, reducing portability
- Requires proper size check for mounting compatibility
- Heavy weight may be cumbersome for daily carry
Best for: Urban cyclists needing a heavy-duty, portable lock that can secure bikes and accessories simultaneously
Not ideal for: Those seeking ultra-light locks for short, casual rides or minimal storage space
- Dimensions:7.76″ x 5.02″
- Shackle Thickness:17mm
- Weight:1.64 lbs
- Cable Length:5 ft
- Lock Body Design:Polygonal
- Water Resistance:Yes
- Included Keys:2
Our verdict“This lock is best suited for riders who need a robust, portable security solution for high-risk environments and multiple items.”
Smart Bike Lock Keyless Anti-Theft Bicycle Cable Lock with 59-inch Waterproof Cable and Mounting Bracket
This smart lock offers the convenience of biometric and password access, making it more user-friendly than traditional keyed locks like the Sportneer chain. Its long 59-inch cable and weatherproof design provide high versatility for various outdoor scenarios, similar to the Anweller fingerprint lock but with added digital security features. Unlike standard locks, this model’s ability to store up to 50 fingerprints and passwords caters to multi-user needs, yet it requires periodic charging, which could be inconvenient for some. Its waterproof IP66 rating makes it suitable for all weather conditions, but the need to manage battery life and potential unlocking issues in extremely cold weather are notable tradeoffs.
Pros:- Keyless entry with fingerprint and password support
- Weatherproof and durable for outdoor use
- Long 59-inch flexible steel cable for versatile locking
- Easy to set up with adjustable mounting bracket
Cons:- Requires charging every 12 months, adding maintenance
- Limited to 50 fingerprints and passwords, which may restrict larger groups
- Potential difficulty unlocking in extremely cold conditions
Best for: Tech-oriented cyclists who value quick access and multiple user options for outdoor rides
Not ideal for: Users seeking a simple, battery-free lock or those with limited charging access
- Fingerprint Capacity:50
- Password Capacity:50
- Cable Length:59 inches
- Cable Diameter:11 mm
- Material:Zinc alloy, PVC
- Waterproof Rating:IP66
- Temperature Range:-25℃ to 65℃
- Weight:1.4 lbs
- Charging Time:3 hours
- Standby Time:12 months
Our verdict“This lock offers advanced biometric convenience for outdoor users who prioritize digital security and long cable length.”
Sportneer Bike Lock: 5 Digit Combination High Security Anti Theft Bike Chain Lock – 3.2/3.6/4ft Heavy Duty Keyless Bicycle Lock for Bike, Motorcycle, Scooter, Door & Gate
Compared with more advanced options like the Anweller fingerprint lock, this Sportneer chain offers a straightforward, high-security solution using a 5-digit combination and durable manganese steel. Its weather-resistant cover adds to its longevity, making it suitable for outdoor applications like gates or bikes in various environments. The main advantage here is its simplicity—no need for batteries or electronic components—though that also means it lacks the convenience of keyless or biometric unlocking. The length options of 3.2, 3.6, or 4 feet help tailor the fit but might not suit every size or application. For users wanting basic, reliable security with minimal fuss, this lock makes a solid choice.
Pros:- High security with 5-digit resettable combination
- Weather-resistant and durable manganese steel
- Easy to reset and versatile application options
- Affordable compared to digital or biometric locks
Cons:- Limited to length options, may not fit very large or small spaces
- Requires proper measurement for compatibility
- Lacks electronic or biometric convenience features
Best for: Budget-conscious users needing a tough, keyless lock for bikes, gates, or motorcycles
Not ideal for: Those requiring advanced features like biometric access or app control
- Material:Manganese steel, zinc alloy
- Length:3.2ft, 3.6ft, 4ft
- Diameter:1.3 inches
- Number of digits:5
- Resettable combination:Yes
Our verdict“This lock is ideal for users seeking a durable, straightforward, keyless security solution at an accessible price point.”
Anweller Fingerprint Bike Lock with Key, Heavy Duty Anti-Theft Weatherproof Bluetooth Biometric Smart Cable Lock for Bicycle Scooter Outdoor
The Anweller fingerprint lock provides a blend of biometric security and app connectivity, making it suitable for tech-savvy cyclists who want quick, secure access. Its weatherproof, rust-resistant build ensures durability in outdoor conditions, rivaling the waterproof features of the B0CFZHFJJ2 model but with the added benefit of app management. Unlike traditional locks, the fingerprint unlocking process is fast and offers multiple user profiles, but it depends on Bluetooth and battery life, which could pose issues during extended use or in very cold conditions. This lock is best for users comfortable with managing app updates and charging routines, trading some simplicity for modern convenience.
Pros:- Fast unlocking via fingerprint for quick access
- App control allows for multiple user profiles and record logs
- Weatherproof and rust-resistant for outdoor durability
- Heavy-duty construction for theft resistance
Cons:- Requires Bluetooth connection and periodic charging
- Battery life varies with usage, potential unlocking delays
- Higher price compared to basic mechanical locks
Best for: Outdoor enthusiasts and tech-oriented cyclists who prefer biometric and app-controlled security
Not ideal for: Users wanting a simple, battery-free lock or those wary of digital dependency
- Brand:Anweller
- Recommended Uses:Bike, Scooter, Motorcycle, Outdoor Fence
- Number of Pieces:1
- Included Components:Cable Lock, Mounting Bracket, USB-C Charge Cable, User Manual, Spare Keys
- Model Number:C8BF
- Item Dimensions:59 x 0.5 x 0.5 inches
- Item Weight:1.5 pounds
Our verdict“This lock suits users wanting seamless biometric access combined with app management, especially in outdoor environments.”
Anweller Fingerprint Bike Chain Lock, Heavy Duty Anti-Theft Weatherproof Bluetooth Smart Lock for Bicycle, Motorcycle, Scooter, Moped, Outdoor Fence, Gate, Snowboard, Ski (0.31″ Thick, 3.3′ Long)
This lock stands out for combining a robust 0.31-inch thick chain with biometric fingerprint access, providing a seamless, keyless experience that rivals the convenience of app-based options like the eLinkSmart Lock. Its heavy-duty chain resists cutting attempts, making it ideal for outdoor environments where security is paramount. While the fingerprint scanner offers rapid entry, its effectiveness can be affected by dirt or moisture, and the battery life depends on usage frequency, which might be a concern for frequent users. Compared to the Esesmart Bike Chain Lock, it offers more durable weatherproofing and longer standby times, but at a higher price. This pick makes the most sense for riders needing a rugged, biometric security solution with weather resistance.
Pros:- Heavy-duty, cut-resistant chain for high security
- Fast, fingerprint biometric unlocking
- App control for management and record-keeping
- Weatherproof and corrosion-resistant design
Cons:- Battery life may fluctuate with frequent use
- Requires Bluetooth and app setup, adding complexity
- Fingerprint scanner could be affected by dirt or moisture
Best for: Bikers in high-theft risk areas who want fast, biometric access without sacrificing heavy-duty security.
Not ideal for: Casual riders or those looking for budget options, as its price and maintenance may be less appealing.
- Chain Thickness:0.31 inches
- Chain Length:3.3 feet
- Battery Capacity:330mAh
- Battery Life:Standby 24 months, 3000 unlocks
- Recharge Time:2 hours via Type-C
- Waterproof Rating:IP67
Our verdict“This lock is best suited for users seeking a durable, biometric, outdoor lock with high security and weather protection.”
Eseesmart Bike Chain Lock, Fingerprint & APP Smart Security Lock, Waterproof Heavy Duty Cable Lock for Bicycle, Motorcycle, Scooter, Door, Gate, Fence
Compared with the Anweller model, the Esesmart lock offers a versatile combination of fingerprint and app unlocking, making it suitable for users who want flexibility without the bulk of a heavy chain. Its 6mm alloy steel chain provides solid cut resistance, though it’s lighter than the Anweller’s chain, which could be a plus or minus depending on security needs. The lock’s waterproof design and rechargeable battery with USB charging simplify outdoor use, but the limited capacity of 20 stored fingerprints might frustrate larger households or shared access needs. While it’s not as robust as the Anweller, it offers good security at a more affordable price point, ideal for riders who want digital convenience without high cost.
Pros:- Fast unlocking via fingerprint and app control
- Heavy-duty construction resistant to drilling and cutting
- Waterproof and weather-resistant design
- Rechargeable battery with USB charging
Cons:- Limited to 20 stored fingerprints
- Requires regular charging and maintenance
- Some users may find app setup and management complex
Best for: Urban commuters or casual riders who value an affordable, versatile digital lock with multiple unlocking options.
Not ideal for: High-security environments or extreme outdoor conditions where maximum durability is required, as its chain is lighter and potentially less resistant to attack.
- Length:3.28 feet
- Material:Alloy steel with polypropylene fabric
- Battery:110mAh rechargeable
- Unlocking Methods:Fingerprint, APP
- Chain Thickness:6mm
Our verdict“This lock offers a balanced mix of digital convenience and security, perfect for budget-conscious riders seeking versatility.”
Mengshen Bike Lock with Remote Control Anti-Theft Vibration Alarm, 31 Inch Cable, IP55 Waterproof
This lock excels for users who want a combination of remote control and alarm features, making it ideal for shared outdoor spaces or quick access scenarios. Its 115dB alarm provides an effective deterrent against tampering, surpassing simple locks like the Kryptonite Folding Lock. The remote control’s 40-meter range offers convenience without needing to fumble with keys, but the need for battery replacements for both remote and lock can be a hassle. Its IP55 rating provides decent outdoor durability, yet it’s less weatherproof than models with higher ratings. The flexible 31-inch cable offers good length for securing multiple items, but its limited resistance to cutting may be unsuitable for high-risk theft zones. This lock is best for those who prioritize remote control and audible deterrents over maximum physical security.
Pros:- Remote control unlocks from 40 meters
- Loud 115dB alarm deters theft effectively
- IP55 waterproof for outdoor durability
- Flexible 31-inch steel cable
Cons:- Requires battery replacement for remote and lock
- Limited to 4-digit password, less secure
- Alarm may be disruptive in quiet environments
Best for: Outdoor enthusiasts or shared spaces where remote access and alarms help prevent theft and facilitate quick locking/unlocking.
Not ideal for: High-theft areas or long-term security needs, as the cable and alarm are less resistant to determined thieves.
- Remote control distance:40 meters
- Password:4-digit
- Alarm volume:115dB
- Waterproof rating:IP55
- Cable diameter:10mm
- Cable length:31 inches
Our verdict“Ideal for users who want remote-controlled security and audible alerts for outdoor use with moderate theft risk.”
eLinkSmart Waterproof Bicycle Chain Lock with Keyless Access and Bluetooth App
This lock offers a compelling blend of keyless convenience via fingerprint, app, or backup keys, making it a flexible choice for everyday cyclists. Its waterproof IP67 rating and durable nylon cover protect the metal chain from outdoor elements, comparable to the Anweller’s weatherproof design but with a simpler keyless setup. The 8mm chain strikes a balance between portability and security, but the reliance on Bluetooth range limits the usability to close proximity. The long battery life—over 6 months standby—reduces maintenance, though frequent use may still require charging. Compared with the Esesmart lock, its app-centric approach and waterproof features make it better suited for riders who prefer smartphone control over physical keys, especially in variable weather conditions.
Pros:- Keyless access via fingerprint, app, or backup keys
- Waterproof and dust-resistant IP67 rating
- Long battery life with low battery alerts
- Sturdy nylon cover protects the chain
Cons:- Requires smartphone app for full functionality
- Bluetooth range limits remote usability
- Battery life, though long, needs eventual recharging
Best for: Commuters and casual riders who want easy, keyless access with reliable outdoor protection.
Not ideal for: High-security needs in theft-prone areas, as Bluetooth range and chain thickness might be less resistant to determined attacks.
- Chain Length:100cm
- Chain Diameter:8mm
- Water Resistance:IP67
- Battery Life:Over 6 months standby
- Connectivity:Bluetooth, App control
Our verdict“Perfect for riders seeking a versatile, keyless bike lock that withstands outdoor conditions with smartphone control options.”
Kryptonite Folding Bike Lock, Compact Lightweight High Security Anti-Theft Foldable Bicycle Lock with 2 Keys and Mount for E-Bikes Scooter Road Mountain Bikes, 88.4cm (34.8 in)
The Kryptonite Folding Lock is a well-regarded choice for riders needing a lightweight, high-security solution for city commuting or short-term parking. Its 3mm hardened steel bars provide excellent cut resistance, comparable to the more robust chains but in a foldable, portable form factor. This lock shines in ease of transport, thanks to its included mounting bracket, making it ideal for quick stops, unlike bulkier options like the Anweller or Esesmart. However, its suitability drops in high-theft zones because it isn’t weatherproof and is more suited for short-term locking rather than prolonged outdoor exposure. Compared with the eLinkSmart or Anweller models, this lock prioritizes portability and high security over app or biometric features, making it perfect for riders who value quick, lightweight security on low to medium theft risk trips.
Pros:- High-security hardened steel construction
- Lightweight and highly portable
- Includes mounting bracket for easy carrying
- Two keys for convenience
Cons:- Limited weather resistance, not ideal for prolonged outdoor use
- Best suited for low to medium theft zones
- No digital or biometric features
Best for: Urban cyclists needing a portable, high-security foldable lock for city environments with moderate theft risks.
Not ideal for: Riders in extreme weather conditions or high-risk areas where weather resistance and maximum physical security are required.
- Material:3mm hardened steel
- Length:88.4cm
- Weight:2.15 lbs
- Includes:2 keys, mounting bracket
Our verdict“This lock is best suited for cyclists requiring a secure, portable solution for city riding in low to medium risk areas.”
APECYC Smart Bike Lock, Fingerprint U Lock with Cable, Heavy Duty Anti-Theft Bicycle Lock with 4FT Cable for E-bikes, Scooters, Motorcycles & Outdoor Parking
This lock stands out for its lightning-fast fingerprint unlocking in just 0.2 seconds, making it ideal for quick stops. Compared to the Anweller Fingerprint Bike Lock, it offers a more streamlined biometric system but lacks detailed battery life info, which could be a drawback for heavy daily use. Its heavy-duty reinforced steel construction provides solid theft protection, and the included 4-foot cable adds versatility for securing multiple items or extra anchoring points. The USB-C rechargeable battery is convenient, yet the absence of explicit battery life details leaves some uncertainty about long-term reliability. While the fingerprint sensor is highly responsive, some users might find the registration process less intuitive. This pick is best suited for commuters who want fast, keyless access and appreciate robust physical security. However, outdoor enthusiasts who need extended battery life or detailed usage stats might prefer other options.
Pros:- Fast fingerprint unlocking in 0.2 seconds for quick access
- Heavy-duty, weather-resistant reinforced steel construction
- Includes a flexible 4-foot security cable for versatile use
- Rechargeable via USB-C for convenience
Cons:- Battery life details are not specified, affecting long-term planning
- Some users may find fingerprint registration somewhat challenging
- Lack of weight information could impact portability decisions
Best for: Daily commuters and urban cyclists seeking rapid, keyless entry with weather resistance
Not ideal for: Long-distance riders or those who prefer detailed battery stats and extended use without frequent recharging
- Weight:Not specified
- Material:Hardened steel
- Unlock Time:0.2 seconds
- Battery:Rechargeable via USB-C
- Cable Length:4 feet
- Recommended Uses:Cycling, E-bikes, Scooters, Motorcycles
Our verdict“This lock is ideal for users who prioritize speed and ease of access in outdoor environments, but may fall short for those needing extended battery insights.”
How We Picked
We evaluated these smart bike locks based on a combination of security features, ease of use, build quality, and compatibility with different bikes and environments. Performance factors like resistance to cutting or tampering, along with digital features like app integration and biometric access, weighed heavily in our rankings. We also considered user convenience, such as mounting options and battery life, as well as value for the price. Our goal was to identify options that balance innovative technology with reliable physical security, helping users find a lock suited to their specific cycling habits and budgets.Factors to Consider When Choosing Smart Bike Locks
Choosing the right smart bike lock involves several key considerations that go beyond basic features. Since these locks incorporate technology, understanding which features genuinely enhance security and usability can help prevent costly mistakes. Carefully weighing factors like security level, ease of access, and environmental durability ensures you select a lock that fits your lifestyle and bike type. Here are the main points to keep in mind:Security and Tamper Resistance
While digital features add convenience, the core security of the lock remains critical. Look for locks with hardened steel or reinforced casings, and check whether they are resistant to cutting, sawing, or picking. Some models include alarms that trigger on tampering, which can be a strong deterrent. Remember that no lock is invulnerable, so balancing physical security with smart features offers the best protection against theft.
Ease of Use and Access
Smart locks excel when they simplify access, but complexity can backfire. Consider whether a lock offers quick unlocking through Bluetooth, fingerprint, or keypad. App controls are convenient but require a smartphone and reliable connectivity, which might be problematic in remote areas or bad weather. Choose a model with an intuitive interface and straightforward setup to avoid frustration or accidental lockouts.
Build Quality and Weather Resistance
Since bikes are often stored outdoors, durability in various weather conditions is essential. Look for waterproof or weatherproof designs with corrosion-resistant components. The physical construction should be sturdy enough to withstand attempts at forced entry. Investing in a well-built lock reduces the risk of corrosion and damage over time, especially if you live in a humid or salty environment.
Battery Life and Power Backup
Smart locks depend on batteries, making long battery life a significant factor. Some models include low-battery alerts or backup keys, which can prevent lockouts. Consider whether the lock has rechargeable batteries or disposable ones, and check how often they need replacement. Longer battery life reduces maintenance and the risk of losing access unexpectedly.
Price and Value
Smart bike locks span a wide price range, often reflecting the depth of their features. More expensive models tend to offer biometric access, longer-range app control, and robust construction, but may not be necessary for casual cyclists. Budget options provide solid physical security but lack digital convenience. Knowing your priorities and riding habits helps determine whether investing in premium features is worthwhile.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a smart bike lock in harsh weather conditions?
Many smart bike locks are designed with weatherproofing in mind, featuring waterproof casings and corrosion-resistant components. However, the effectiveness of electronic components can vary, especially in extremely cold or wet environments. It’s best to choose a lock explicitly rated for outdoor use, and consider models with rechargeable batteries that perform well in low temperatures. Proper maintenance, like keeping ports sealed and batteries charged, extends their reliability in adverse weather.
Are biometric or fingerprint locks reliable for daily use?
Biometric locks offer quick access and eliminate the need for keys or codes, but their reliability can sometimes be affected by dirt, moisture, or extreme temperatures. Most high-quality fingerprint locks use advanced sensors designed for outdoor durability, yet occasional misreads can occur. It’s wise to have a backup method, such as a key or app control, especially in bad weather or if the sensor gets dirty. Testing the lock in your typical conditions before regular use can help prevent surprises.
How secure are app-controlled bike locks?
App-controlled locks provide excellent convenience, but their security depends on the strength of their encryption and the safety of your smartphone. Vulnerabilities in Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connections could potentially be exploited, so choosing locks with robust security protocols is essential. Regular firmware updates and strong, unique passwords for associated apps further enhance safety. Always read reviews and manufacturer security info to ensure your bike isn’t at risk of remote hacking.
What should I consider when choosing a longer cable lock?
Longer cables offer greater flexibility for locking multiple bikes or securing bikes to larger fixtures, but they can be heavier and less manageable. Ensure the cable material is resistant to cutting and weathering, and check if the lock mechanism is secure along the entire length. Keep in mind that longer cables might slightly reduce portability, so balance length with ease of transport based on your typical riding and storage environments.
Is it worth paying extra for a smart lock with GPS tracking?
Locks with integrated GPS tracking provide an added layer of security by allowing you to locate your bike if stolen. However, these models tend to be more expensive and require ongoing subscription services or cellular connectivity, which can increase costs. For high-value bikes or in high-theft areas, the peace of mind may justify the expense. For casual or low-risk riders, traditional or Bluetooth-only smart locks might suffice.
Conclusion
For daily commuters and serious cyclists, the eLinkSmart Waterproof Bicycle Chain Lock offers a compelling mix of durability and smart features, making it the best overall choice. Budget-conscious users will appreciate the simplicity and robustness of traditional combination or keyed locks, while those seeking quick access might lean toward biometric options like the Anweller Fingerprint Bike Lock. For premium security, the Kryptonite Folding Bike Lock balances portability with high-level physical protection. Evaluate your riding environment, budget, and security needs to pick the best smart lock tailored to your cycling routine.
